{"id":122478,"date":"2023-01-26T17:00:05","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T17:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sumfinity.com\/uncategorized-ro\/qatar\/"},"modified":"2026-05-23T15:20:46","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T15:20:46","slug":"care-dintre-ele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sumfinity.com\/ro\/travel\/qatar\/","title":{"rendered":"Care dintre ele?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qatar \u2013 istoria, cultura \u0219i prezentul s\u0103u<\/h1>\n

de Daria Trinkhaus<\/em><\/h6>\n

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Qatarul a c\u00e2\u0219tigat notorietate \u00een ultimul an, \u00een principal datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 acolo se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 Cupa Mondial\u0103 FIFA 2022. De fapt, Qatarul este prima \u021bar\u0103 musulman\u0103 din lume care g\u0103zduie\u0219te Cupa Mondial\u0103. Ceea ce am observat \u00eens\u0103 \u00een ultimele s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni este valul de critici la adresa \u021b\u0103rii, \u00een ciuda eforturilor enorme depuse de qatarezi pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 acestei sarcini deloc u\u0219oare. A\u0219adar, acest text a fost scris pentru a onora eforturile tuturor celor care au contribuit la realizarea acestui eveniment.<\/p>\n\"West<\/a>\n

Criticile aduse Qatarului vizeaz\u0103 \u00een principal legile stricte ale acestei societ\u0103\u021bi, precum \u0219i condi\u021biile dificile de munc\u0103 ale imigran\u021bilor care au lucrat la construirea stadioanelor \u0219i a \u00eentregii infrastructuri necesare pentru competi\u021bia FIFA 2022. \u0218i, hei! Nu cred c\u0103 \u0219tiu totul. \u0218i da \u2013 cultura Qatarului este diferit\u0103 de \u201ecultura occidental\u0103\u201d \u00een anumite aspecte. \u0218i da, str\u0103zile erau pline de oameni care munceau din greu pentru a construi aproape totul. Dar ghici\u021bi ce? Majoritatea oamenilor pe care i-am \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een Doha erau ferici\u021bi c\u0103 au ob\u021binut un loc de munc\u0103 \u0219i preferau Qatarul \u00een locul, s\u0103 zicem, al Dubai<\/a>ului. Sunt de acord cu toate regulile din Qatar? Desigur c\u0103 nu, dar \u00een\u021beleg \u0219i de ce exist\u0103.<\/p>\n

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\u00cen timpul vizitei noastre \u00een aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 am avut impresii pozitive \u0219i, de fapt, am fost foarte bine primi\u021bi de \u201elocalnici\u201d. Totu\u0219i, o scurt\u0103 precizare \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput: c\u00e2nd am vizitat Qatarul, am adoptat mentalitatea c\u0103 suntem oaspe\u021bi \u00een casa cuiva \u0219i c\u0103 vom respecta regulile de acolo, precum \u0219i pe gazde.<\/p>\n

R\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi deschi\u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 de Qatar<\/h3>\n

Ideea principal\u0103 este s\u0103 respect\u0103m diferen\u021bele \u0219i s\u0103 nu \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103 schimb\u0103m pe cineva cu for\u021ba. Oamenii se schimb\u0103 la nivel personal, iar \u021b\u0103rile, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu culturile lor, se schimb\u0103 \u0219i ele. Dac\u0103 s-ar impune un singur model de comportament \u0219i o singur\u0103 direc\u021bie de schimbare tuturor oamenilor \u0219i tuturor \u021b\u0103rilor, ce lume plictisitoare am tr\u0103i.<\/p>\n

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Credem c\u0103, uneori, criticile sau conflictele pot fi atenuate prin cunoa\u0219tere \u0219i \u00een\u021belegere. Aceasta din urm\u0103 este de mare ajutor, mai ales c\u00e2nd vine vorba de a ne trata reciproc cu respect. De aceea, articolul acesta \u00eemi st\u0103 pe minte de c\u00e2teva zile.<\/p>\n

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\u021aara Qatar \u2013 origini<\/h2>\n\"Al<\/a>\n

Pentru \u00eenceput, acesta va fi un rezumat foarte succint al istoriei Qatarului. Istoria \u00een sine nu este clar\u0103. Multe surse o prezint\u0103 din puncte de vedere diferite \u0219i este dificil s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 o singur\u0103 versiune a pove\u0219tii. Trebuie s\u0103 ne amintim c\u0103 qatarezii descind din familii de beduini, care de multe ori nu erau lega\u021bi de un singur loc. Beduinii au tr\u0103it \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tia\u021bi pe peninsula Qatarului timp de secole. \u00cen astfel de condi\u021bii, nu este u\u0219or s\u0103 existe o singur\u0103 nara\u021biune comun\u0103. Cu toate acestea, v\u0103 las linkuri c\u0103tre trei dintre cele mai importante surse de informa\u021bii despre Qatar: site-ul web Visit Qatar<\/a>, Enciclopedia Britannica<\/a> \u0219i, desigur, Wikipedia<\/a>. A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 aprofunda\u021bi subiectul, v\u0103 urez o lectur\u0103 pl\u0103cut\u0103!<\/p>\n

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Pentru cei care nu au citit \u00eenc\u0103 articolele<\/a> anterioare despre Qatar publicate pe Sumfinity<\/a> \u0219i abia \u00eencep s\u0103 se familiarizeze cu aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103, iat\u0103 o scurt\u0103 prezentare. Qatar este o \u021bar\u0103 din Asia de Vest, situat\u0103 pe o mic\u0103 peninsul\u0103 numit\u0103 \u201eQatar\u201d, pe coasta de nord-est a Peninsulei Arabice. Se \u00eenvecineaz\u0103 cu Arabia Saudit\u0103 la sud, cu Irakul la nord \u0219i cu Golful Persic la est. Un str\u00e2mtor din Golful Persic separ\u0103 Qatarul de Bahrain.<\/p>\n

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De\u0219i pare c\u0103 Qatarul este o \u021bar\u0103 relativ t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103, \u00een realitate, istoria sa se \u00eentinde p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een vremuri str\u0103vechi. Qatarul, precum \u0219i anumite zone din Arabia Saudit\u0103, erau deja populate de oameni cu aproximativ 50.000 de ani \u00een urm\u0103. Acest lucru este confirmat de s\u0103p\u0103turile arheologice, care au scos la iveal\u0103 numeroase a\u0219ez\u0103ri \u0219i unelte din Epoca de Piatr\u0103. Mesopotamia a fost prima civiliza\u021bie care s-a stabilit \u00een aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 \u00een perioada neolitic\u0103.<\/p>\n

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Istoria regiunii poate fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een trei perioade distincte: perioada preislamic\u0103 (\u00eenainte de anul 700 d.Hr.), perioada islamic\u0103 (dup\u0103 anul 700 d.Hr.) \u0219i perioada modern\u0103 (dup\u0103 anul 1800).<\/p>\n

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Era preislamic\u0103<\/h3>\n

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Prima perioad\u0103 a fost deja men\u021bionat\u0103: prezen\u021ba uman\u0103 \u00een Qatar dateaz\u0103 de acum 50.000 de ani. Peninsula Qatar a fost, de asemenea, leag\u0103nul culturii din Epoca Bronzului, care se situeaz\u0103 aproximativ \u00eentre anii 3000 \u00ee.Hr. \u0219i 2200 \u00ee.Hr. \u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een jurul anului 3000 \u00ee.Hr., a fost un important centru comercial unde m\u0103rfurile erau schimbate cu obiecte de artizanat. Unele dintre s\u0103p\u0103turile semnificative din aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 se g\u0103sesc \u00een zona Al Khor.<\/p>\n

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\u00cen perioada de \u00eenceput a coloniz\u0103rii, peninsula a fost centrul mai multor imperii, printre care cele seleucide, partice \u0219i sasanide.<\/p>\n

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Perioada islamic\u0103<\/h3>\n

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\u00cen anul 628 d.Hr., Mundhir bin Sawa Al Tamimi, conduc\u0103torul cre\u0219tin al regiunii Al Hasa din Peninsula Qatar, s-a convertit la islam. Odat\u0103 cu acest eveniment, a \u00eenceput islamizarea triburilor locale.<\/p>\n

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Cu toate acestea, \u00een afar\u0103 de c\u00e2teva relat\u0103ri \u0219i vestigii, \u0219tim foarte pu\u021bine lucruri despre aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 a dezvolt\u0103rii Qatarului. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 probabil faptului c\u0103 peninsula era locuit\u0103 doar de c\u00e2teva triburi. Ceea ce se \u0219tie, \u00eens\u0103, este c\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al VIII-lea, zona a devenit un important centru al comer\u021bului cu perle \u0219i c\u0103mile.<\/p>\n

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O evolu\u021bie important\u0103 pentru Peninsula Qatar a avut loc \u00een Evul Mediu \u0219i, mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een perioada Rena\u0219terii din Europa. Iar acest lucru s-a datorat \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 sosirii vizitatorilor europeni.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1507, portughezii au preluat controlul asupra a \u0219ase ora\u0219e de pe coasta de vest a Indiei (inclusiv Kutch) \u0219i au stabilit rute comerciale cu Malacca. Ace\u0219tia au construit forturi \u00een localit\u0103\u021bi din apropiere, precum Diu (1531), Daman (1555), Agra (1556) \u0219i Bombay (1662). Compania Britanic\u0103 a Indiilor de Est a urmat acest exemplu, \u00eenfiin\u021b\u00e2nd aici un punct comercial \u00een 1608. Ambele na\u021biuni au avut un impact semnificativ asupra economiei \u0219i culturii Qatarului.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

\u00cen 1515 (921 AH), Manuel I al Portugaliei a condus o invazie a ora\u0219elor \u0219i satelor din Qatar cu o for\u021b\u0103 de 1.800 de oameni. For\u021bele portugheze au reu\u0219it s\u0103 cucereasc\u0103 \u00eentreaga coast\u0103 a Qatarului, inclusiv capitala \u021b\u0103rii, Doha. Cu toate acestea, portughezii nu au fost singurii tenta\u021bi s\u0103 cucereasc\u0103 Qatarul. \u00cen secolul al XVI-lea, a existat o rivalitate semnificativ\u0103 \u00eentre portughezi \u0219i otomani, cu un interes deosebit pentru regiunea Bahrain, pe care portughezii au ocupat-o \u00eentre 1521 \u0219i 1602. Otomanii au recucerit zona, dar, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, \u00een anii 1570, un \u0219eic din tribul Banu Khalid i-a alungat din Al Hasa.<\/p>\n

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Era modern\u0103 a Qatarului<\/h3>\n

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Aceasta nu este \u00eens\u0103 \u00eentreaga poveste a rela\u021biilor tensionate dintre Qatar \u0219i Imperiul Otoman. Trupele otomane, care ocupaser\u0103 provincia vecin\u0103 Al-\u1e24as\u0101 din Arabia Saudit\u0103, au ocupat Qatarul \u00een 1871. Qatarul s-a eliberat de sub ocupa\u021bia otoman\u0103 abia dup\u0103 recucerirea provinciei Al-\u1e24as\u0101 de c\u0103tre familia Saud \u00een 1913. \u00cen acest moment, Marea Britanie a intrat \u00een scen\u0103. \u00cen 1916, britanicii au semnat un tratat cu liderul Qatarului care le-a acordat controlul asupra politicii externe a \u021b\u0103rii \u00een schimbul protec\u021biei britanice.<\/p>\n\"Qanat<\/a>\n

\u00cens\u0103, \u00een 1971, Qatarul \u0219i-a c\u00e2\u0219tigat independen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de britanici sub conducerea \u0219eicului Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani \u0219i a devenit un emirat autonom \u00een cadrul nou-declaratului Stat al Qatarului. \u00cen 1986, Qatarul a devenit membru cu drepturi depline al Ligii Arabe.<\/p>\n

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Guvernarea \u0219i popula\u021bia din Qatar<\/h2>\n

Ast\u0103zi, Qatarul este un stat suveran. Familia Thani conduce Qatarul de c\u00e2nd Mohammed bin Thani a semnat un tratat cu britanicii, prin care se recuno\u0219tea statutul autonom al regiunii. Qatarul este o monarhie constitu\u021bional\u0103, cu emirul ca \u0219ef al statului \u0219i al guvernului. \u00cen 2003 a avut loc un referendum, \u00een urma c\u0103ruia 98% dintre voturi au aprobat constitu\u021bia. Emirul nume\u0219te prim-ministrul din r\u00e2ndul familiei domnitoare. Emirul, care guverneaz\u0103 din 1995, este Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. Prim-ministrul este Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\"Camels<\/a>\n

Popula\u021bia Qatarului era estimat\u0103 la 2.043.693 de locuitori la 31 iulie 2017, potrivit Departamentului de Recens\u0103m\u00e2nt al Ministerului Planific\u0103rii Dezvolt\u0103rii \u0219i Statisticilor (MDPS). Interesant este faptul c\u0103 doar 313.000 de persoane sunt qatarezi de origine. Restul popula\u021biei din Qatar a venit \u00een aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 din motive economice.<\/p>\n

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Economia Qatarului<\/h2>\n

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\u00cen 1961, Qatarul s-a al\u0103turat Emiratelor Arabe Unite pentru a forma Consiliul de Cooperare al Golfului (CCG). \u00cen 2001, Qatarul a aderat la OPEC, Organiza\u021bia \u021a\u0103rilor Exportatoare de Petrol. Conform unor surse, Qatarul este cel mai mare exportator de gaz natural lichefiat \u00een compara\u021bie cu alte \u021b\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\"Msheireb<\/a>\n

Economia Qatarului a crescut rapid \u00een ultimii ani, \u00een principal datorit\u0103 rezervelor sale de gaze naturale, care reprezint\u0103 aproximativ 80% din veniturile sale din exporturi. Cu toate acestea, \u021bara a reu\u0219it s\u0103 se diversifice \u00een alte industrii datorit\u0103 investi\u021biilor sale str\u0103ine. Acestea includ participa\u021bii \u00een companii renumite precum Volkswagen AG (OTC:VLKAY), HSBC Holdings PLC (LON:HSBA), Barclays PLC (LON:BARC), Credit Suisse Group AG (SIX:CSGN), Glencore International PLC (OTC:GLNCY) \u0219i \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France SA (EPA:EDF). Familia conduc\u0103toare din Qatar este, de asemenea, unul dintre cei mai mari proprietari de terenuri din Marea Britanie \u0219i are contribu\u021bii semnificative la Empire State Building.<\/p>\n

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Revista Forbes a clasat Qatarul drept \u021bara cu cel mai mare PIB pe cap de locuitor din \u00eentreaga lume, ajung\u00e2nd la 129.000 de dolari pe persoan\u0103 \u00een 2013 (o popula\u021bie total\u0103 de 23 de miliarde de dolari).<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, Qatarul a fost descris de unele surse drept una dintre cele mai bogate \u021b\u0103ri din lume din punct de vedere al venitului pe cap de locuitor \u2013 dispune de peste 250 de miliarde de dolari \u00een active lichide disponibile pentru investi\u021bii. Mai mult, Qatarul a ocupat primul loc \u00een clasamentul Forbes al miliardarilor pentru anul 2018 (cu 25 de miliardari).<\/p>\n

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Prosperitatea \u021b\u0103rii se observ\u0103 \u00een detalii. De exemplu, \u0219tia\u021bi c\u0103 apa, electricitatea \u0219i convorbirile telefonice sunt gratuite pentru cet\u0103\u021benii nativi din Qatar? De asemenea, combustibilul cost\u0103 aproape un cent. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu Nico, ne-am frecat ochii de mai multe ori, uit\u00e2ndu-ne la pre\u021burile de la benzin\u0103rie. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 \u0219i dezavantaje \u00een a tr\u0103i \u00een de\u0219ert. 90% din produsele alimentare sunt importate \u00een Qatar din alte \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i, din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, sunt scumpe. \u0218i, de\u0219i guvernul depune eforturi pentru a \u00eenfiin\u021ba ferme eficiente, sarcina nu este nici u\u0219oar\u0103, nici ieftin\u0103. Vorbim totu\u0219i despre o \u021bar\u0103 situat\u0103 \u00een de\u0219ert.<\/p>\n

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De unde provine apa din Qatar?<\/h2>\n

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Ceea ce ne-a uimit este modul \u00een care Qatarul \u00ee\u0219i ob\u021bine apa \u2013 vorbim totu\u0219i despre o \u021bar\u0103 situat\u0103 \u00een de\u0219ert (la propriu). Se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 Qatarul prime\u0219te doar 82 mm de precipita\u021bii pe an. \u00cen trecut, beduinii filtrau apa de mare sau cea din f\u00e2nt\u00e2ni printr-o bucat\u0103 de p\u00e2nz\u0103. Un proces extrem de consumator de timp. \u0218i o metod\u0103 de pu\u021bin folos dac\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim la cre\u0219terea animalelor \u0219i la produsele agricole destinate alimenta\u021biei. A\u0219adar, \u00een 1953, a fost pus\u0103 \u00een func\u021biune prima sta\u021bie de desalinizare din Doha. La \u00eenceput, apa era livrat\u0103 cu camioanele la locuin\u021be, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd s-a construit o infrastructur\u0103 profesional\u0103 de alimentare cu ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\"Qatar<\/a>\n

\u00cen prezent, 99% din apa consumat\u0103 \u00een gospod\u0103rii provine din desalinizare. Problema acestei metode de ob\u021binere a apei este c\u0103 necesit\u0103 o cantitate mare de energie. Totu\u0219i, deoarece Qatarul se afl\u0103 pe z\u0103c\u0103minte de gaz \u0219i petrol, aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 este mai pu\u021bin una financiar\u0103 dec\u00e2t una ecologic\u0103. Problema ecologic\u0103 este legat\u0103 de formarea solu\u021biei saline dup\u0103 desalinizare, care provoac\u0103 probleme grave de mediu. Cum se pot rezolva aceste provoc\u0103ri, mai ales \u00een contextul cre\u0219terii popula\u021biei din Qatar? R\u0103spunsul s-ar putea s\u0103 nu fie u\u0219or.<\/p>\n

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Beduinii \u0219i cultura lor<\/h2>\n

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C\u00e2nd c\u0103l\u0103tori\u021bi \u00een Qatar, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 v\u0103 informa\u021bi despre istoria \u0219i cultura acestei \u021b\u0103ri incredibile. Beduinii sunt locuitorii originari ai Qatarului \u0219i sunt renumi\u021bi pentru ospitalitatea lor.<\/p>\n

Generozitatea lor este legendar\u0103: se spune c\u0103, dac\u0103 vizitezi Qatarul ca oaspete, \u00ee\u021bi vor oferi tot ce au \u2013 inclusiv m\u00e2ncare \u0219i ad\u0103post. Dac\u0103 \u021bi se stric\u0103 ma\u0219ina pe marginea drumului, nu-\u021bi face griji; dac\u0103 unul dintre beduini o vede, va veni cu siguran\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 te ajute s\u0103 o repari, \u00een timp ce ve\u021bi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i pove\u0219ti la o cea\u0219c\u0103 de ceai sau cafea (sau ambele).<\/p>\n

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\u00cen mod tradi\u021bional, beduinii erau p\u0103stori nomazi de oi, capre \u0219i vite. De obicei, f\u0103ceau comer\u021b cu alte triburi, schimb\u00e2nd carne, produse lactate \u0219i l\u00e2n\u0103. Beduinii locuiau \u00een corturi \u021besute din p\u0103r de animale. Aceste corturi se numesc bayt al sha'ar. Cu secole \u00een urm\u0103, beduinii f\u0103ceau comer\u021b cu c\u0103mile. Totu\u0219i, cre\u0219teau aceste animale \u0219i pentru transport, lapte \u0219i, uneori, carne.<\/p>\n

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Un conduc\u0103tor \u2013 \u0219eicul \u2013 st\u0103p\u00e2nea peste beduini. Puterea se transmitea din tat\u0103 \u00een fiu. \u00cen familiile beduine, femeilor \u0219i b\u0103rba\u021bilor le erau atribuite roluri tradi\u021bionale. B\u0103rba\u021bii se ocupau de animalele mari, de comer\u021b \u0219i de ap\u0103rarea tribului. \u00cen plus, ace\u0219ti b\u0103rba\u021bi erau \u0219i v\u00e2n\u0103tori \u2013 v\u00e2nau animale cu ajutorul \u0219oimilor dresa\u021bi. Femeile se ocupau de gospod\u0103rie, de g\u0103tit \u0219i de cre\u0219terea copiilor. De asemenea, confec\u021bionau \u021bes\u0103turi frumoase \u0219i coseau haine.<\/p>\n

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Beduinii sunt, de asemenea, cunoscu\u021bi pentru curajul \u0219i spiritul lor aventurier; de-a lungul istoriei, au luptat f\u0103r\u0103 team\u0103 \u00eempotriva invadatorilor, pun\u00e2nd mai presus de orice tradi\u021bii precum ospitalitatea \u2013 chiar \u0219i \u00een vremuri \u00een care acest lucru nu era nici sigur, nici practic.<\/p>\n

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Religia din Qatar<\/h2>\n\"Al<\/a>\n

Islamul este religia dominant\u0103, iar qatarezii sunt \u00een principal musulmani sunni\u021bi. \u00cen timpul \u0219ederii \u00een Qatar, ve\u021bi auzi chemarea la rug\u0103ciune de cinci ori pe zi. De fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd auzeam acea voce p\u0103trunz\u0103toare venind de la moscheile din apropiere, ne treceau fiori pe \u0219ira spin\u0103rii. Este ceva at\u00e2t de emo\u021bionant \u0219i aproape antic \u00een aceste chem\u0103ri, \u00eenc\u00e2t pare c\u0103 aerul vibreaz\u0103 din cauza lor. Catarienii se roag\u0103 \u00een zori, la pr\u00e2nz, la mijlocul dup\u0103-amiezii, la apus \u0219i seara. C\u00e2nd se roag\u0103, ei se \u00eendreapt\u0103 \u00een mod tradi\u021bional spre Mecca (cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de Makkah) din Arabia Saudit\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Unii dintre voi poate c\u0103 a\u021bi auzit de Ramadan. \u00cen timpul Ramadanului (a noua lun\u0103 a anului lunar), musulmanii postesc zilnic de la r\u0103s\u0103rit p\u00e2n\u0103 la apus. Aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 este considerat\u0103 un moment crucial pentru reflec\u021bie spiritual\u0103, care contribuie la consolidarea leg\u0103turilor sociale dintre cei care postesc \u00eempreun\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, mul\u021bi oameni iau o mas\u0103 copioas\u0103 numit\u0103 Iftar (care \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201eruperea postului\u201d) \u00eenainte de apusul soarelui. Dup\u0103 apusul soarelui, de Eid al-Fitr (sf\u00e2r\u0219itul Ramadanului), qatarezii s\u0103rb\u0103toresc \u00een cadrul reuniunilor de familie, unde fac schimb de cadouri cu prietenii \u0219i vecinii. De asemenea, este obi\u0219nuit s\u0103 se sacrifice animale, care sunt consumate \u00een mod tradi\u021bional dup\u0103 Eid al-Adha.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Codul vestimentar \u00een Qatar<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qatarezii sunt foarte modesti \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te \u021binuta vestimentar\u0103. \u00cen mod oficial, b\u0103rba\u021bii poart\u0103 de obicei robe albe lungi, iar femeile poart\u0103 rochii negre care le ascund corpul \u0219i fa\u021ba \u00een public. Qatarezii \u00ee\u0219i iubesc \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintea tradi\u021bional\u0103, dar sunt deschi\u0219i \u0219i la schimb\u0103ri \u0219i la noile tendin\u021be din str\u0103in\u0103tate. Dac\u0103 nu se afl\u0103 \u00een locuri publice, femeile se pot \u00eembr\u0103ca modern, dar cu demnitate. Codul vestimentar pentru femei este conservator \u0219i modest, \u00een timp ce b\u0103rba\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 poarte pantaloni lungi sau blugi cu c\u0103m\u0103\u0219i care acoper\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna umerii \u0219i bra\u021bele.<\/p>\n

Printre cele mai populare m\u0103rci din Qatar se num\u0103r\u0103 Al-Zaytoon, Mango \u0219i Zara. Qatarul este o \u021bar\u0103 mic\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 \u00een Doha g\u0103se\u0219ti cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 magazine care v\u00e2nd haine din toat\u0103 lumea. Centrele comerciale din Doha nu se deosebesc, ca aspect \u0219i tip de magazine, de alte centre comerciale occidentale. \u00cen plus, acolo vei g\u0103si chiar \u0219i renumita galerie La Fayette! Totu\u0219i, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 cump\u0103ra\u021bi \u021binute tradi\u021bionale qatareze, cea mai bun\u0103 ofert\u0103 v\u0103 a\u0219teapt\u0103 la pia\u021ba Souq Waqif (la recomandarea ghidului nostru).<\/p>\n\"Lafayette<\/a>\n

Dac\u0103 a\u0219 putea da un sfat, acesta ar fi s\u0103 da\u021bi dovad\u0103 de modera\u021bie \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te \u021binuta vestimentar\u0103. \u0218i da \u2013 Nico ador\u0103 pantalonii scur\u021bi, iar eu ador rochiile de var\u0103, dar, \u00een general, ne-am mul\u021bumit s\u0103 purt\u0103m haine care ne acopereau corpul. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd: Qatarul este \u00een mare parte de\u0219ert, iar un corp gol se poate arde rapid sub soarele intens. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd (foarte important), acoperirea p\u0103r\u021bilor intime (;-)) \u00een locurile publice este un semn de respect fa\u021b\u0103 de gazd\u0103. \u00cen general, Qatarul este o \u021bar\u0103 foarte, foarte sigur\u0103, dar atragerea aten\u021biei asupra \u021binutei vestimentare poate fi o experien\u021b\u0103 nepl\u0103cut\u0103.<\/p>\n

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M\u00e2ncare \u00een Qatar<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0218i, nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd! Probabil partea mea preferat\u0103 din articol. M\u00e2ncarea \u00een Qatar ocup\u0103 un loc important \u00een cultur\u0103, iar acest lucru se observ\u0103 imediat. M\u00e2ncarea este foarte picant\u0103 \u0219i plin\u0103 de arome, ceea ce o face atractiv\u0103 pentru cei c\u0103rora le place m\u00e2ncarea pu\u021bin mai condimentat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

O mas\u0103 \u00een Qatar este considerat\u0103 un moment important al zilei, mai ales c\u00e2nd ai oaspe\u021bi acas\u0103 sau c\u00e2nd membrii familiei se reunesc. Este recomandat s\u0103 nu te gr\u0103be\u0219ti la mas\u0103, deoarece, dac\u0103 o faci, acest lucru va fi considerat nepoliticos conform obiceiurilor locale. Printre felurile principale cele mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnite se num\u0103r\u0103 orezul cu pui sau miel; linte \u0219i carne cu orez; pe\u0219te la abur (de obicei, grouper), pe\u0219te la gr\u0103tar sau shish taouk (kebab de pui marinat).<\/p>\n

Mese \u00een Qatar<\/h3>\n

Ce am remarcat, de asemenea, \u00een Doha \u0219i \u00een afara capitalei qatareze a fost varietatea restaurantelor \u0219i a m\u00e2nc\u0103rurilor oferite. Deoarece Qatarul are at\u00e2t de mul\u021bi imigran\u021bi, tipul restaurantelor reflect\u0103 aceast\u0103 diversitate. \u00cen timpul \u0219ederii noastre \u00een Qatar, am gustat din buc\u0103t\u0103ria palestinian\u0103 autentic\u0103, din cea yemenit\u0103 (m\u00e2ncarea se consum\u0103 acolo cu m\u00e2inile, st\u00e2nd pe jos), din cea indian\u0103 (probabil cea mai bun\u0103 mas\u0103 indian\u0103 pe care am servit-o vreodat\u0103), din cea iranian\u0103 \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Num\u0103rul restaurantelor \u0219i varietatea acestora sunt cu adev\u0103rat uimitoare. \u0218i, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 preparatele tipice din carne, am g\u0103sit \u00eentotdeauna \u0219i op\u021biuni vegetariene (nici m\u0103car nu \u0219tiam c\u0103 exist\u0103 at\u00e2tea tipuri de humus!). Concluzia: probabil c\u0103 ne vom aminti de experien\u021ba culinar\u0103 din Qatar pentru tot restul vie\u021bii.<\/p>\n\"Souq<\/a>\n

Dac\u0103 v\u0103 afla\u021bi \u00een Doha, nu rata\u021bi Souq Waqif. Aici vin qatarezii la cump\u0103r\u0103turi. Ve\u021bi g\u0103si magazine cu o varietate incredibil\u0103 de dulciuri locale, curmale \u0219i condimente. Dup\u0103 ce am f\u0103cut cump\u0103r\u0103turi \u00een aceast\u0103 pia\u021b\u0103 tradi\u021bional\u0103, valiza noastr\u0103 s-a umplut brusc cu diverse curmale \u0219i trandafiri qatarezi, care, ad\u0103uga\u021bi \u00een ceai, \u00eei confer\u0103 o arom\u0103 minunat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u0103uturi \u0219i alcool \u00een Qatar<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tipurile de b\u0103uturi servite \u00een timpul meselor pot varia \u00een func\u021bie de locul \u00een care m\u0103n\u00e2nci (de exemplu, dac\u0103 este vorba de un fast-food sau de un restaurant cu servire la mas\u0103). B\u0103uturile f\u0103r\u0103 alcool, precum Coca-Cola sau Fanta, sunt de obicei disponibile \u00een toate restaurantele.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cen Qatar nu se consum\u0103 alcool. Pentru noi, acest lucru nu a reprezentat o problem\u0103 major\u0103. Dimpotriv\u0103, a fost cu adev\u0103rat reconfortant s\u0103 vedem cum oamenii s\u0103rb\u0103toresc vinerea, cum pot dansa \u0219i se pot distra de minune f\u0103r\u0103 alcool. Poate c\u0103 tocmai de aceea m-am sim\u021bit mai \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 pe str\u0103zile din Doha dup\u0103 apusul soarelui dec\u00e2t \u00een multe ora\u0219e europene. Seara, ora\u0219ul era plin de mul\u021bimi de oameni veseli, iar printre ei nu se observau niciun fel de manifest\u0103ri de agresivitate sau comportamente neadecvate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cuv\u00e2nt de \u00eencheiere<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

A fi \u00een Qatar a fost ca \u0219i cum ai vizita o alt\u0103 lume. Una \u00een care cultura \u021b\u0103rii nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 diluat\u0103 de globalizarea omniprezent\u0103. Principiile sociale \u0219i structura valorilor se refer\u0103 nu doar la religia musulman\u0103, ci \u0219i la fascinanta tradi\u021bie beduin\u0103 veche de secole. Da, unele lucruri pot p\u0103rea pu\u021bin diferite fa\u021b\u0103 de cultura occidental\u0103, dar dac\u0103 le accep\u021bi a\u0219a cum sunt, te po\u021bi sim\u021bi cu adev\u0103rat ca \u00eentr-un vechi basm arab. Am auzit \u00eentr-un documentar<\/a> al<\/a> Deutsche Welle<\/a> c\u0103 vizitarea Souq Waqif este experien\u021ba cea mai apropiat\u0103 de a te reg\u0103si \u00eentr-un \u201ePoveste din 1001 de nop\u021bi\u201d. \u00cen opinia mea, a te cufunda \u00een \u00eentreaga cultur\u0103 qatarian\u0103 este ca \u0219i cum ai face un salt simultan din realitatea vechilor basme arabe \u0219i \u00eentr-o realitate futurist\u0103. Nu am avut acest gen de experien\u021b\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu am vizitat Qatarul.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qatar \u2013 istoria, cultura \u0219i prezentul s\u0103u de Daria Trinkhaus \u00a0 Qatarul a c\u00e2\u0219tigat notorietate \u00een ultimul an, \u00een principal datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 acolo se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 Cupa Mondial\u0103 FIFA 2022. De fapt, Qatarul este prima \u021bar\u0103 musulman\u0103 din lume care g\u0103zduie\u0219te Cupa Mondial\u0103. Ceea ce am observat \u00eens\u0103 \u00een ultimele s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni este valul de critici […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":113191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16433,20814],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ghiduri-de-calatorie","category-qatar-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nCare dintre ele? & Ghid turistic Doha \u2013 Cultur\u0103, religie, gastronomie, cod vestimentar, istorie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vizita\u021bi Qatarul \u0219i Doha? A te cufunda \u00een cultura qatarian\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 a tr\u0103i simultan o poveste arab\u0103 str\u0103veche \u0219i o realitate futurist\u0103. Trebuie neap\u0103rat s\u0103...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sumfinity.com\/ro\/travel\/qatar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Care dintre ele?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vizita\u021bi Qatarul \u0219i Doha? A te cufunda \u00een cultura qatarian\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 a tr\u0103i simultan o poveste arab\u0103 str\u0103veche \u0219i o realitate futurist\u0103. 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