{"id":121651,"date":"2023-01-26T17:00:05","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T17:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sumfinity.com\/uncategorized-lv\/qatar\/"},"modified":"2026-05-23T15:18:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T15:18:06","slug":"kuru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sumfinity.com\/lv\/travel\/qatar\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuru?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kataras v\u0113sture, kult\u016bra un m\u016bsdienas<\/h1>\n

autore: Daria Trinkhaus<\/em><\/h6>\n

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P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 gada laik\u0101 Katara ir k\u013cuvusi slavena galvenok\u0101rt t\u0101p\u0113c, ka tur notiks 2022. gada FIFA Pasaules kausa sp\u0113les. Paties\u012bb\u0101 Katara ir pirm\u0101 musulma\u0146u valsts pasaul\u0113, kas r\u012bkos Pasaules kausu. Tom\u0113r p\u0113d\u0113jo ned\u0113\u013cu laik\u0101 m\u0113s esam nov\u0113roju\u0161i, ka, neraugoties uz katarie\u0161u milz\u012bgajiem centieniem tikt gal\u0101 ar \u0161o ne vienk\u0101r\u0161o uzdevumu, valda visp\u0101r\u0113ja kritika pret \u0161o valsti. T\u0101p\u0113c \u0161is teksts ir rakst\u012bts, lai izr\u0101d\u012btu cie\u0146u visiem tiem, kuri ir pal\u012bdz\u0113ju\u0161i \u0161o pas\u0101kumu \u012bstenot.<\/p>\n\"West<\/a>\n

Kritika par Kataru galvenok\u0101rt attiecas uz \u0161\u012bs sabiedr\u012bbas stingrajiem likumiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b uz gr\u016btajiem darba apst\u0101k\u013ciem imigrantiem, kuri str\u0101d\u0101ja, lai uzceltu stadionus un visu infrastrukt\u016bru, kas nepiecie\u0161ama 2022. gada FIFA \u010dempion\u0101tam. Un, hei! Es nedom\u0101ju, ka zinu visu. Un j\u0101 \u2013 Kataras kult\u016bra da\u017eos aspektos at\u0161\u0137iras no \u201erietumu kult\u016bras\u201d. Un j\u0101, ielas bija pilnas ar cilv\u0113kiem, kuri ar sviedriem str\u0101d\u0101ja, lai uzceltu gandr\u012bz visu. Bet zin\u0101t, kas? Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca cilv\u0113ku, kurus m\u0113s satik\u0101m Doh\u0101, bija priec\u012bgi, ka vi\u0146iem ir darbs, un vi\u0146i priek\u0161roku deva Katarai, nevis, piem\u0113ram, Dubai<\/a>jai. Vai es piekr\u012btu visiem Kataras noteikumiem? Protams, n\u0113, bet es saprotu, k\u0101p\u0113c tie past\u0101v.<\/p>\n

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Apmekl\u0113jot \u0161o valsti, mums rad\u0101s pozit\u012bvi iespaidi, un paties\u012bb\u0101 \u2013 \u201eviet\u0113jie\u201c m\u016bs \u013coti laipni uz\u0146\u0113ma. Tom\u0113r s\u0101kum\u0101 neliels paskaidrojums: dodoties uz Kataru, m\u0113s pie\u0146\u0113m\u0101m, ka esam ieradu\u0161ies k\u0101da m\u0101j\u0101s, un ka mums j\u0101iev\u0113ro turienes noteikumi un j\u0101ciena pa\u0161i saimnieki.<\/p>\n

Palieciet atv\u0113rti Katarai<\/h3>\n

Galven\u0101 doma ir cien\u012bt at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas un nem\u0113\u0123in\u0101t k\u0101du main\u012bt ar varu. Cilv\u0113ki main\u0101s pa\u0161i, un main\u0101s ar\u012b valstis kop\u0101 ar sav\u0101m kult\u016br\u0101m. Ja visiem cilv\u0113kiem un valst\u012bm tiktu uzspiests viens un tas pats uzved\u012bbas paraugs un p\u0101rmai\u0146u virziens, k\u0101d\u0101 garlaic\u012bg\u0101 pasaul\u0113 m\u0113s dz\u012bvotu.<\/p>\n

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M\u0113s uzskat\u0101m, ka da\u017ek\u0101rt kritiku vai konfliktus var m\u012bkstin\u0101t ar zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m un sapratni. P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 ir \u012bpa\u0161i noder\u012bga, lai iztur\u0113tos viens pret otru ar cie\u0146u. T\u0101p\u0113c \u0161is raksts jau vair\u0101kas dienas neiziet man no pr\u0101ta.<\/p>\n

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Kataras valsts \u2013 izcelsme<\/h2>\n\"Al<\/a>\n

S\u0101kum\u0101 tikai \u2013 \u0161is b\u016bs \u013coti \u012bss Kataras v\u0113stures kopsavilkums. V\u0113sture pati par sevi nav skaidra. Daudzi avoti to st\u0101sta no da\u017e\u0101diem viedok\u013ciem, un ir gr\u016bti izveidot vienu versiju. Mums j\u0101atceras, ka katarie\u0161i ir bedu\u012bnu \u0123ime\u0146u p\u0113cte\u010di, kuri bie\u017ei vien nebija piesaist\u012bti vienai vietai. Bedu\u012bni gadsimtiem ilgi dz\u012bvoja izkais\u012bti pa Kataras pussalu. \u0160\u0101dos apst\u0101k\u013cos nav viegli izveidot vienu kop\u0113ju st\u0101stu. Tom\u0113r es atst\u0101ju saites uz trim noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kajiem avotiem par Kataru: Visit Qatar<\/a> t\u012bmek\u013ca vietni, Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a> un, protams, Wikipedia<\/a>. T\u0101p\u0113c, ja v\u0113laties padzi\u013cin\u0101t savas zin\u0101\u0161anas par \u0161o t\u0113mu, v\u0113lu jums pat\u012bkamu las\u012b\u0161anu!<\/p>\n

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Tiem, kas v\u0113l nav las\u012bju\u0161i iepriek\u0161\u0113jos rakstus par Kataru vietn\u0113 Sumfinity<\/a> un tikai s\u0101k iepaz\u012bt \u0161o valsti, \u0161eit ir \u012bss ievads. Katara ir valsts Rietum\u0101zij\u0101, kas atrodas neliel\u0101 pussal\u0101 ar nosaukumu \u201eKatara\u201d Ar\u0101bijas pussalas zieme\u013caustrumu krast\u0101. T\u0101 robe\u017eojas ar Sa\u016bda Ar\u0101biju dienvidos, Ir\u0101ku zieme\u013cos un Persijas l\u012bci austrumos. Persijas l\u012b\u010da \u0161aurums atdala Kataru no Bahreinas.<\/p>\n

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Lai gan \u0161\u0137iet, ka Katara ir sal\u012bdzino\u0161i jauna valsts, paties\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101s v\u0113sture sniedzas l\u012bdz seniem laikiem. Katara un da\u013ca Sa\u016bda Ar\u0101bijas jau pirms aptuveni 50 000 gadiem bija apdz\u012bvota. To apstiprina arheolo\u0123iskie izrakumi \u2014 daudz\u0101s akmens laikmeta apmetnes un darbar\u012bki. Neol\u012bta period\u0101 \u0161aj\u0101 re\u0123ion\u0101 pirm\u0101 civiliz\u0101cija bija Mezopot\u0101mija.<\/p>\n

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\u0160\u012b re\u0123iona v\u0113sturi var iedal\u012bt tr\u012bs at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101s laikmetos: pirmisl\u0101ma laikmets (pirms 700. gada), isl\u0101ma laikmets (p\u0113c 700. gada) un m\u016bsdienu laikmets (p\u0113c 1800. gada).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\"Al<\/a>\n

Pirmsisl\u0101ma laikmets<\/h3>\n

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Jau min\u0113ta pirm\u0101 laikmeta posma v\u0113sture: cilv\u0113ki Katar\u0101 apmet\u0101s jau pirms 50 000 gadiem. Kataras pussala bija ar\u012b bronzas laikmeta kult\u016bras \u0161\u016bpulis, kas aptuveni ilgst no 3000. gada p.m.\u0113. l\u012bdz 2200. gadam p.m.\u0113. \u0160aj\u0101 laik\u0101 un l\u012bdz aptuveni 3000. gadam p.m.\u0113. t\u0101 bija noz\u012bm\u012bgs tirdzniec\u012bbas centrs, kur preces tika apmain\u012btas pret amatniec\u012bbas izstr\u0101d\u0101jumiem. Da\u017ei no noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kajiem \u0161\u012b laika izrakumiem atrodas Al Khor apgabal\u0101.<\/p>\n

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Agr\u012bn\u0101s apdz\u012bvot\u012bbas period\u0101 pussala bija vair\u0101ku da\u017e\u0101du imp\u0113riju centrs, tostarp Seleuk\u012bdu, Partu un Sasan\u012bdu imp\u0113riju.<\/p>\n

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Isl\u0101ma periods<\/h3>\n

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628. gad\u0101 m\u016bsu \u0113ras Mundhir bin Sawa Al Tamimi, kristie\u0161u valdnieks Kataras pussalas Al Hasa re\u0123ion\u0101, piev\u0113rs\u0101s isl\u0101mam. Ar \u0161o notikumu s\u0101k\u0101s viet\u0113jo cil\u0161u islamiz\u0101cija.<\/p>\n

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Tom\u0113r, iz\u0146emot da\u017eus rakstiskus avotus un senlietas, mums ir maz zin\u0101ms par \u0161o Kataras att\u012bst\u012bbas posmu. Iesp\u0113jams, tas saist\u012bts ar to, ka pussal\u0101 dz\u012bvoja tikai da\u017eas ciltis. Ir zin\u0101ms, ka no 8. gadsimta \u0161is re\u0123ions k\u013cuva par noz\u012bm\u012bgu p\u0113r\u013cu un kamie\u013cu tirdzniec\u012bbas centru.<\/p>\n

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Liels pav\u0113rsiens Kataras pussalai notika viduslaikos un v\u0113l\u0101k Eiropas renesanses laik\u0101. Un tas galvenok\u0101rt bija saist\u012bts ar eiropie\u0161u iera\u0161anos.<\/p>\n

1507. gad\u0101 portug\u0101\u013ci ieguva kontroli p\u0101r se\u0161\u0101m piekrastes pils\u0113t\u0101m Indijas rietumu krast\u0101 (tostarp Kutch) un izveidoja tirdzniec\u012bbas ce\u013cus ar Malaku. Vi\u0146i uzc\u0113la cietok\u0161\u0146us tuv\u0113j\u0101s viet\u0101s, piem\u0113ram, Diu (1531), Daman\u0101 (1555), Agr\u0101 (1556) un Bombaj\u0101 (1662). Britu Austrumindijas komp\u0101nija sekoja \u0161im piem\u0113ram, 1608. gad\u0101 \u0161eit izveidojot tirdzniec\u012bbas punktu. Abas valstis iev\u0113rojami ietekm\u0113ja Kataras ekonomiku un kult\u016bru.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

1515. gad\u0101 (921. gad\u0101 p\u0113c hid\u017eras kalend\u0101ra) Portug\u0101les karalis Manuels I ar 1800 v\u012bru lielu karasp\u0113ku vad\u012bja iebrukumu Kataras pils\u0113t\u0101s un ciematos. Portug\u0101\u013cu karasp\u0113ks sp\u0113ja ie\u0146emt visu Kataras piekrasti, ieskaitot valsts galvaspils\u0113tu Dohu. Tom\u0113r portug\u0101\u013ci nebija vien\u012bgie, kurus vilin\u0101ja iekarot Kataru. 16. gadsimt\u0101 past\u0101v\u0113ja iev\u0113rojama s\u0101ncens\u012bba starp portug\u0101\u013ciem un osma\u0146iem, kuriem bija \u012bpa\u0161a interese par Bahreinas re\u0123ionu, ko portug\u0101\u013ci okup\u0113ja no 1521. l\u012bdz 1602. gadam. Osma\u0146i atk\u0101pa \u0161o teritoriju, bet galu gal\u0101, 1570. gados, \u0161eihs no Banu Khalid cilts izdzina vi\u0146us no Al Hasa.<\/p>\n

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Kataras m\u016bsdienu v\u0113sture<\/h3>\n

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Tom\u0113r tas v\u0113l nav viss st\u0101sts par sasp\u012bl\u0113taj\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101m starp Kataru un Osma\u0146u imp\u0113riju. Osma\u0146u karasp\u0113ks, kas bija okup\u0113jis blakus eso\u0161o Al-\u1e24as\u0101 provinci Sa\u016bda Ar\u0101bij\u0101, 1871. gad\u0101 okup\u0113ja ar\u012b Kataru. Katara atbr\u012bvoj\u0101s no Osma\u0146u okup\u0101cijas tikai p\u0113c tam, kad 1913. gad\u0101 Sa\u016bdu dinastija atk\u0101rtoti iekaroja Al-\u1e24as\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b v\u0113stures skatuv\u0113 ien\u0101ca Lielbrit\u0101nija. 1916. gad\u0101 briti parakst\u012bja l\u012bgumu ar Kataras vadoni, kas vi\u0146iem deva kontroli p\u0101r valsts \u0101rpolitiku apmai\u0146\u0101 pret britu aizsardz\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\"Qanat<\/a>\n

Ta\u010du 1971. gad\u0101 Katara ieguva neatkar\u012bbu no britiem \u0161eiha Halifa bin Hamada bin Abdullaha Al Thani vad\u012bb\u0101 un k\u013cuva par autonomu emir\u0101tu nesen izveidotaj\u0101 Kataras valst\u012b. 1986. gad\u0101 Katara k\u013cuva par pilnties\u012bgu Ar\u0101bu l\u012bgas locekli.<\/p>\n

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P\u0101rvalde un iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji Katar\u0101<\/h2>\n

\u0160odien Katara ir suver\u0113na valsts. Tani \u0123imene valda Katar\u0101 kop\u0161 br\u012b\u017ea, kad Mohammeds bin Tani parakst\u012bja l\u012bgumu ar britiem, kur\u0101 tika atz\u012bts \u0161\u012b re\u0123iona atsevi\u0161\u0137ais statuss. Katar\u0101 ir konstitucion\u0101l\u0101 monarhija, kuras valsts un vald\u012bbas galva ir em\u012brs. 2003. gad\u0101 notika referendums, kur\u0101 98 % balsot\u0101ju atbalst\u012bja konstit\u016bciju. Em\u012brs iece\u013c premjerministru no valdo\u0161\u0101s \u0123imenes locek\u013cu vidus. Em\u012brs, kur\u0161 valda kop\u0161 1995. gada, ir Hamads bin Halifa Al Tani. Premjerministrs ir Abdulla bin Nasers bin Halifa Al Tani.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\"Camels<\/a>\n

Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Att\u012bst\u012bbas pl\u0101no\u0161anas un statistikas ministrijas (MDPS) Tautas skait\u012b\u0161anas departamenta datiem, 2017. gada 31. j\u016blij\u0101 Kataras iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaits tika l\u0113sts 2 043 693. Interesanti, ka tikai 313 000 cilv\u0113ku ir \u012bstie katarie\u0161i. P\u0101r\u0113jie Kataras iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji uz \u0161o re\u0123ionu ir ieradu\u0161ies ekonomisku iemeslu d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\n

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Kataras ekonomika<\/h2>\n

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1961. gad\u0101 Katara kop\u0101 ar Apvienotajiem Ar\u0101bu Emir\u0101tiem izveidoja Persijas l\u012b\u010da sadarb\u012bbas padomi (GCC). 2001. gad\u0101 Katara pievienoj\u0101s cit\u0101m OPEC (Naftas eksport\u0113t\u0101jvalstu organiz\u0101cija) dal\u012bbvalst\u012bm. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar da\u017eiem avotiem Katara eksport\u0113 visvair\u0101k dabasg\u0101zes sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar cit\u0101m valst\u012bm.<\/p>\n\"Msheireb<\/a>\n

P\u0113d\u0113jos gados Kataras ekonomika ir strauji augusi, galvenok\u0101rt pateicoties t\u0101s dabasg\u0101zes rezerv\u0113m, kas veido aptuveni 80 % no eksporta ie\u0146\u0113mumiem. Tom\u0113r, pateicoties \u0101rvalstu invest\u012bcij\u0101m, valstij ir izdevies diversific\u0113t savu ekonomiku, iesaistoties cit\u0101s nozar\u0113s. Tas ietver l\u012bdzdal\u012bbu t\u0101dos paz\u012bstamos uz\u0146\u0113mumos k\u0101 Volkswagen AG (OTC:VLKAY), HSBC Holdings PLC (LON:HSBA), Barclays PLC (LON:BARC), Credit Suisse Group AG (SIX:CSGN), Glencore International PLC (OTC:GLNCY) un \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France SA (EPA:EDF). Kataras valdo\u0161\u0101 \u0123imene ir ar\u012b viena no liel\u0101kaj\u0101m zemes \u012bpa\u0161niec\u0113m Apvienotaj\u0101 Karalist\u0113 un ir devusi iev\u0113rojamu ieguld\u012bjumu Empire State Building celtniec\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n

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\u017durn\u0101ls \u201eForbes\u201c 2013. gad\u0101 atzina Kataru par valsti ar visaugst\u0101ko IKP uz vienu iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 \u2014 129 000 ASV dol\u0101ru uz vienu iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju (kop\u0113jais iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaits \u2014 23 miljardi).<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t da\u017ei avoti Kataru raksturo k\u0101 vienu no pasaules bag\u0101t\u0101kaj\u0101m valst\u012bm uz vienu iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju \u2014 t\u0101s r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101 ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 250 miljardi ASV dol\u0101ru likv\u012bdos akt\u012bvos, kas pieejami ieguld\u012bjumiem. Turkl\u0101t Katara ie\u0146\u0113ma pirmo vietu \u017eurn\u0101la \u201eForbes\u201c 2018. gada miljardieru sarakst\u0101 (ar 25 miljardieriem).<\/p>\n

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Valsts p\u0101rtic\u012bbu var sajust, piev\u0113r\u0161ot uzman\u012bbu s\u012bkumiem. Piem\u0113ram, vai zin\u0101j\u0101t, ka Katar\u0101 viet\u0113jiem iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem \u016bdens, elektr\u012bba un telefona zvani ir bez maksas? Ar\u012b degviela maks\u0101 gandr\u012bz niec\u012bgu summu. Kop\u0101 ar Nico m\u0113s vair\u0101kas reizes berz\u0113j\u0101m acis, skatoties uz cen\u0101m degvielas uzpildes stacij\u0101. Tom\u0113r dz\u012bvei tuksnes\u012b ir ar\u012b savas \u0113nas puses. 90 % p\u0101rtikas produktu Katar\u0101 tiek import\u0113ti no cit\u0101m valst\u012bm, un t\u0101d\u0113\u013c tie ir d\u0101rgi. Un, lai gan vald\u012bba str\u0101d\u0101, lai izveidotu efekt\u012bvas lauku saimniec\u012bbas, \u0161is uzdevums nav ne viegls, ne l\u0113ts. M\u0113s joproj\u0101m run\u0101jam par valsti, kas atrodas tuksnes\u012b.<\/p>\n

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No kurienes n\u0101k \u016bdens Katar\u0101?<\/h2>\n

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M\u016bs p\u0101rsteidza tas, k\u0101 Katara ieg\u016bst \u016bdeni \u2013 m\u0113s joproj\u0101m run\u0101jam par valsti, kas atrodas tuksnes\u012b (burtisk\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113). Tiek l\u0113sts, ka Katar\u0101 gad\u0101 nokri\u0161\u0146u daudzums ir tikai 82 mm. Sen\u0101k bedu\u012bni filtr\u0113ja j\u016bras \u016bdeni vai \u016bdeni no ak\u0101m, izmantojot auduma gabalu. Tas bija \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi laikietilp\u012bgs process. Un metode, kas bija mazliet noder\u012bga, ja dom\u0101 par dz\u012bvnieku audz\u0113\u0161anu un lauksaimniec\u012bbas produktu ra\u017eo\u0161anu p\u0101rtikai. T\u0101p\u0113c 1953. gad\u0101 Doh\u0101 tika nodota ekspluat\u0101cij\u0101 pirm\u0101 \u016bdens ats\u0101\u013co\u0161anas r\u016bpn\u012bca. S\u0101kum\u0101 \u016bdeni pieg\u0101d\u0101ja ar kravas automa\u0161\u012bn\u0101m uz m\u0101j\u0101m, l\u012bdz tika izb\u016bv\u0113ta profesion\u0101la \u016bdens infrastrukt\u016bra.<\/p>\n\"Qatar<\/a>\n

\u0160odien 99 % \u016bdens m\u0101jsaimniec\u012bb\u0101s tiek ieg\u016bts, izmantojot ats\u0101\u013co\u0161anu. Probl\u0113ma ar \u0161o \u016bdens ieguvi ir t\u0101, ka t\u0101 prasa daudz ener\u0123ijas. Tom\u0113r, t\u0101 k\u0101 Katara atrodas uz g\u0101zes un naftas atradn\u0113m, \u0161\u012b probl\u0113ma ir ne tik daudz finansi\u0101la, cik ekolo\u0123iska. Ekolo\u0123isk\u0101 probl\u0113ma ir saist\u012bta ar s\u0101ls\u016bdens \u0161\u0137\u012bduma veido\u0161anos p\u0113c ats\u0101\u013co\u0161anas, kas rada nopietnas vides probl\u0113mas. K\u0101 risin\u0101t \u0161os izaicin\u0101jumus, it \u012bpa\u0161i, ja Kataras iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaits pieaug? Atbilde var neb\u016bt vienk\u0101r\u0161a.<\/p>\n

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Bedu\u012bni un vi\u0146u kult\u016bra<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ce\u013cojot pa Kataru, noteikti ir v\u0113rts iepaz\u012bties ar \u0161\u012bs neparast\u0101s valsts v\u0113sturi un kult\u016bru. Bedu\u012bni ir Kataras pirmiedz\u012bvot\u0101ji un ir paz\u012bstami ar savu viesm\u012bl\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Vi\u0146u d\u0101snums ir le\u0123end\u0101rs: st\u0101sta, ka, ja k\u0101 viesis apmekl\u0113 Kat\u0101ru, vi\u0146i tev pied\u0101v\u0101s visu, kas vi\u0146iem ir \u2013 ieskaitot \u0113dienu un pajumti. Ja tava automa\u0161\u012bna sal\u016bzt ce\u013ca mal\u0101, neuztraucies \u2013 ja k\u0101ds no bedu\u012bniem to ieraudz\u012bs, vi\u0146\u0161 noteikti n\u0101ks pal\u012bg\u0101, lai to salabotu, vienlaikus daloties ar st\u0101stiem pie tases t\u0113jas vai kafijas (vai ab\u0101m).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tradicion\u0101li bedu\u012bni bija aitu, kazu un liellopu gan\u012bt\u0101ji, kas dz\u012bvoja nomadu dz\u012bvesveid\u0101. Parasti vi\u0146i ar cit\u0101m cilt\u012bm tirgoj\u0101s ar ga\u013cu, piena produktiem un vilnu. Bedu\u012bni dz\u012bvoja telt\u012bs, kas bija austas no dz\u012bvnieku spalvas. \u0160\u012bs teltis sauc par bayt al sha'ar. Pirms gadsimtiem bedu\u012bni tirgoj\u0101s ar kamie\u013ciem. Tom\u0113r vi\u0146i \u0161os dz\u012bvniekus tur\u0113ja ar\u012b transporta vajadz\u012bb\u0101m, piena ieguvei un da\u017ereiz ar\u012b ga\u013cas ieg\u016b\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bedu\u012bnus vad\u012bja l\u012bderis \u2013 \u0161eihs. Varu mantoja no t\u0113va uz d\u0113lu. Bedu\u012bnu \u0123imen\u0113s sieviet\u0113m un v\u012brie\u0161iem bija noteiktas tradicion\u0101l\u0101s lomas. V\u012brie\u0161i r\u016bp\u0113j\u0101s par lielajiem dz\u012bvniekiem, tirdzniec\u012bbu un cilts aizsardz\u012bbu. Turkl\u0101t \u0161ie v\u012brie\u0161i bija ar\u012b mednieki \u2013 vi\u0146i med\u012bja dz\u012bvniekus ar pieradin\u0101tu piek\u016bnu pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. Sievietes r\u016bp\u0113j\u0101s par m\u0101ju, gatavoja \u0113dienu un audzin\u0101ja b\u0113rnus. Turkl\u0101t vi\u0146as izgatavoja skaistus tekstilizstr\u0101d\u0101jumus un \u0161uva ap\u0123\u0113rbus.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bedu\u012bniem ir ar\u012b drosm\u012bga un piedz\u012bvojumiem bag\u0101ta reput\u0101cija; vis\u0101 v\u0113stures gait\u0101 vi\u0146i ir bezbail\u012bgi c\u012bn\u012bju\u0161ies pret iebruc\u0113jiem, visvair\u0101k god\u0101jot t\u0101dus trad\u012bcijas k\u0101 viesm\u012bl\u012bbu \u2013 pat tad, kad tas nebija ne dro\u0161i, ne praktiski.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kataras reli\u0123ija<\/h2>\n\"Al<\/a>\n

Isl\u0101ms ir domin\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 reli\u0123ija, un Kataras iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji galvenok\u0101rt ir sunn\u012btu musulma\u0146i. Uzturoties Katar\u0101, j\u016bs piecas reizes dien\u0101 dzird\u0113siet l\u016bg\u0161anu dziesmas. Katru reizi, kad dzird\u0113j\u0101m \u0161o caururbjo\u0161o aicin\u0101juma balsi, kas n\u0101ca no tuv\u0113j\u0101m mo\u0161ej\u0101m, mums pa muguru skr\u0113ja drebu\u013ci. \u0160aj\u0101 dzied\u0101\u0161an\u0101 ir kaut kas tik aizkustino\u0161s un gandr\u012bz senatn\u012bgs, ka \u0161\u0137iet, ka no t\u0101s vibr\u0113 pats gaiss. Katarie\u0161i l\u016bdzas r\u012btausm\u0101, pusdienlaik\u0101, p\u0113cpusdien\u0101, saulrieta laik\u0101 un vakar\u0101. L\u016bdzoties, vi\u0146i tradicion\u0101li pagrie\u017eas Mekas (ar\u012b paz\u012bstama k\u0101 Makkah) virzien\u0101 Sa\u016bda Ar\u0101bij\u0101.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Da\u017ei no jums, iesp\u0113jams, ir dzird\u0113ju\u0161i par ramad\u0101nu. Ramad\u0101na laik\u0101 (m\u0113ness kalend\u0101ra dev\u012btaj\u0101 m\u0113nes\u012b) musulma\u0146i katru dienu gav\u0113 no saull\u0113kta l\u012bdz saulrietam. \u0160is laiks tiek uzskat\u012bts par \u013coti svar\u012bgu gar\u012bgai p\u0101rdom\u0101m, kas pal\u012bdz stiprin\u0101t soci\u0101l\u0101s saites starp cilv\u0113kiem, kuri kop\u0101 gav\u0113. \u0160aj\u0101 laik\u0101 daudzi cilv\u0113ki pirms saulrieta ietur bag\u0101t\u012bgu malt\u012bti, ko sauc par iftar (kas noz\u012bm\u0113 \u201egav\u0113\u0146a p\u0101rtrauk\u0161ana\u201c). P\u0113c saulrieta Eid al-Fitr (Ramad\u0101na beig\u0101s) katarie\u0161i svin sv\u0113tkus \u0123imenes pulc\u0113\u0161an\u0101s, kur\u0101s vi\u0146i apmain\u0101s ar d\u0101van\u0101m ar draugiem un kaimi\u0146iem. Ir ar\u012b ierasts upur\u0113t dz\u012bvniekus, kurus tradicion\u0101li \u0113d p\u0113c Eid al-Adha.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ap\u0123\u0113rba eti\u0137ete Katar\u0101<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Katari ir \u013coti pietic\u012bgi attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz ap\u0123\u0113rbu. Ofici\u0101li v\u012brie\u0161i parasti valk\u0101 garas baltas tunikas, bet sievietes \u2013 melnas kleitas, kas sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 nosl\u0113pj vi\u0146u \u0137erme\u0146us un sejas. Katari m\u012bl savu tradicion\u0101lo ap\u0123\u0113rbu, bet ir atv\u0113rti ar\u012b p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m un jaun\u0101m tendenc\u0113m no \u0101rzem\u0113m. Ja sievietes neatrodas publisk\u0101s viet\u0101s, t\u0101s var \u0123\u0113rbties moderni, tom\u0113r ar cie\u0146u. Ap\u0123\u0113rba kods sieviet\u0113m ir konservat\u012bvs un pietic\u012bgs, savuk\u0101rt v\u012brie\u0161iem ir j\u0101valk\u0101 garas bikses vai d\u017einsi ar krekliem, kas vienm\u0113r sedz plecus un rokas.<\/p>\n

Da\u017ei no popul\u0101r\u0101kajiem z\u012bmoliem Katar\u0101 ir \u201eAl-Zaytoon\u201c, \u201eMango\u201c un \u201eZara\u201c. Katara ir neliela valsts, t\u0101p\u0113c Doh\u0101 viegli atrast veikalu, kuros p\u0101rdod ap\u0123\u0113rbus no visas pasaules. Dohas tirdzniec\u012bbas centri ne ar savu izskatu, ne veikalu veidu neat\u0161\u0137iras no citiem Rietumu univers\u0101lveikaliem. Turkl\u0101t tur atrad\u012bsiet pat pla\u0161i paz\u012bstamo \u201eLa Fayette\u201c galeriju! Tom\u0113r, ja v\u0113laties ieg\u0101d\u0101ties tradicion\u0101lo Kataras ap\u0123\u0113rbu, lab\u0101kais pied\u0101v\u0101jums j\u016bs gaid\u012bs Souq Waqif tirg\u016b (p\u0113c m\u016bsu gida ieteikuma).<\/p>\n\"Lafayette<\/a>\n

Ja man b\u016btu k\u0101ds padoms, tad tas b\u016btu ieteikt iev\u0113rot m\u0113ren\u012bbu sav\u0101 ap\u0123\u0113rb\u0101. Un j\u0101 \u2013 Nico m\u012bl savus \u0161ortus, un es m\u012blu savas vasaras kleitas, bet kopum\u0101 m\u0113s bij\u0101m apmierin\u0101ti ar ap\u0123\u0113rbu, kas sedza m\u016bsu \u0137erme\u0146us. Pirmk\u0101rt: Katara galvenok\u0101rt ir tuksne\u0161a valsts, un kailu \u0137ermeni sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101 saule var \u0101tri apdegt. Otrk\u0101rt (\u013coti svar\u012bgi) \u2013 savu \u0137ermeni (;-)) sabiedrisk\u0101s viet\u0101s nosegt ir cie\u0146as izr\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana pret uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju. Kopum\u0101 Katara ir \u013coti, \u013coti dro\u0161a valsts, bet uzman\u012bbas piev\u0113r\u0161ana savam ap\u0123\u0113rbam var b\u016bt nepat\u012bkama pieredze.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

P\u0101rtika Katar\u0101<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Un visbeidzot, bet ne maz\u0101k svar\u012bgi! Iesp\u0113jams, mana m\u012b\u013c\u0101k\u0101 raksta da\u013ca. \u0112diens Katar\u0101 ir noz\u012bm\u012bga kult\u016bras sast\u0101vda\u013ca, un to j\u016bs paman\u012bsiet uzreiz. \u0112diens ir \u013coti pikants un bag\u0101ts ar gar\u0161\u0101m, t\u0101p\u0113c tas patiks tiem, kam pat\u012bk nedaudz as\u0101ks \u0113diens.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0112dienreize Katar\u0101 tiek uzskat\u012bta par svar\u012bgu dienas br\u012bdi, jo \u012bpa\u0161i, ja m\u0101j\u0101s ir viesi vai kad pulc\u0113jas \u0123imenes locek\u013ci. Lab\u0101k ir nesteigties ar \u0113\u0161anu, jo, ja to dar\u012bsiet, p\u0113c Kataras standartiem tas tiks uzskat\u012bts par nepiekl\u0101j\u012bbu. Visbie\u017e\u0101k pasniegtie pamat\u0113dieni ir r\u012bsi ar vistu vai j\u0113ru; l\u0113cas un ga\u013ca ar r\u012bsiem; tvaic\u0113ta zivs (parasti garastes zivs), gril\u0113ta zivs vai \u0161i\u0161 taouk (marin\u0113ta vistas kebaba).<\/p>\n

\u0112din\u0101\u0161ana Katar\u0101<\/h3>\n

V\u0113l viena lieta, ko paman\u012bj\u0101m gan Doh\u0101, gan \u0101rpus Kataras galvaspils\u0113tas, bija restor\u0101nu un pied\u0101v\u0101to \u0113dienu daudzveid\u012bba. T\u0101 k\u0101 Katar\u0101 dz\u012bvo \u013coti daudz imigrantu, restor\u0101nu kl\u0101sts atspogu\u013co \u0161o daudzveid\u012bbu. Uzturoties Katar\u0101, m\u0113s nogar\u0161oj\u0101m autentisku palest\u012bnie\u0161u virtuvi, jemenie\u0161u virtuvi (tur \u0113dienu \u0113d ar rok\u0101m, s\u0113\u017eot uz gr\u012bdas), indie\u0161u virtuvi (iesp\u0113jams, lab\u0101kais indie\u0161u \u0113diens, k\u0101du m\u0113s jebkad esam \u0113du\u0161i), ir\u0101\u0146u virtuvi un t\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k. Restor\u0101nu skaits un to daudzveid\u012bba ir patiesi p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161a. Un papildus tipiskiem ga\u013cas \u0113dieniem es vienm\u0113r var\u0113ju atrast ar\u012b da\u017eas ve\u0123et\u0101ras iesp\u0113jas (es pat nezin\u0101ju, ka ir tik daudz da\u017e\u0101du veidu hummusa!). Kopum\u0101 var teikt, ka, visticam\u0101k, m\u0113s atcer\u0113simies \u0161o kulin\u0101ro pieredzi Katar\u0101 visu m\u016bsu atliku\u0161o dz\u012bvi.<\/p>\n\"Souq<\/a>\n

Ja atrodaties Doh\u0101, noteikti apmekl\u0113jiet Souq Waqif. Tie\u0161i \u0161eit iep\u0113rkas katarie\u0161i. Tur var atrast veikali\u0146us ar neticami daudzveid\u012bgu viet\u0113jo saldumu, dat\u013cu un gar\u0161vielu kl\u0101stu. P\u0113c iepirk\u0161an\u0101s \u0161aj\u0101 tradicion\u0101laj\u0101 tirg\u016b m\u016bsu \u010demod\u0101ns p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i bija piepild\u012bjies ar da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m datl\u0113m un Kataras roz\u0113m, kas, pievienotas t\u0113jai, padara to br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bgi arom\u0101tisku.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Dz\u0113rieni un alkohols Katar\u0101<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0112dienreizes laik\u0101 pasniegtie dz\u0113rieni var at\u0161\u0137irties atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, kur \u0113dat (piem\u0113ram, vai tas ir \u0101tr\u0101s \u0113din\u0101\u0161anas iest\u0101d\u0113 vai restor\u0101n\u0101 ar apkalpo\u0161anu). Bezalkoholiskie dz\u0113rieni, piem\u0113ram, Coca-Cola vai Fanta, parasti ir pieejami visos restor\u0101nos.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Katar\u0101 alkoholu nelieto. Mums tas nerad\u012bja nek\u0101das b\u016btiskas probl\u0113mas. Glu\u017ei pret\u0113ji, bija patie\u0161\u0101m atspirdzino\u0161i v\u0113rot, k\u0101 cilv\u0113ki svin piektdienas vakarus, k\u0101 vi\u0146i sp\u0113j dejot un lieliski pavad\u012bt laiku bez alkohola. Varb\u016bt tie\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c p\u0113c saulrieta Dohas iel\u0101s es jutos dro\u0161\u0101k nek\u0101 daudz\u0101s Eiropas pils\u0113t\u0101s. Vakar\u0101 pils\u0113ta bija piepild\u012bta ar smiekliem piepild\u012btu cilv\u0113ku p\u016b\u013ciem, un starp vi\u0146iem nebija ne agresijas, ne bezj\u0113dz\u012bgas uzved\u012bbas.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nobeiguma v\u0101rdi<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Atrasties Katar\u0101 bija k\u0101 nok\u013c\u016bt cit\u0101 pasaul\u0113. T\u0101d\u0101, kuras kult\u016bru v\u0113l nav iz\u0161\u0137aid\u012bjusi visureso\u0161\u0101 globaliz\u0101cija. Sabiedr\u012bbas principi un v\u0113rt\u012bbu sist\u0113ma balst\u0101s ne tikai uz isl\u0101mu, bet ar\u012b uz gadsimtiem sen\u0101m, aizraujo\u0161\u0101m bedu\u012bnu trad\u012bcij\u0101m. J\u0101, da\u017eas lietas var \u0161\u0137ist nedaudz at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas no rietumu kult\u016bras, ta\u010du, ja t\u0101s pie\u0146em t\u0101das, k\u0101das t\u0101s ir, var patiesi justies k\u0101 sen\u0101 ar\u0101bu pasak\u0101. Es dzird\u0113ju Deutsche Welle dokument\u0101laj\u0101<\/a> film\u0101, ka apmekl\u0113jums Souq Waqif ir pieredze, kas visvair\u0101k l\u012bdzin\u0101s nok\u013c\u016b\u0161anai pasak\u0101 \u201e1001 nakts pasakas\u201d. Manupr\u0101t, iegremd\u0113\u0161an\u0101s vis\u0101 Kataras kult\u016br\u0101 ir k\u0101 l\u0113ciens no senu ar\u0101bu pasaku realit\u0101tes uz futuristisku realit\u0101ti vienlaikus. Mums nebija \u0161\u0101da veida pieredzes l\u012bdz br\u012bdim, kad apmekl\u0113j\u0101m Kataru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kataras v\u0113sture, kult\u016bra un m\u016bsdienas autore: Daria Trinkhaus \u00a0 P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 gada laik\u0101 Katara ir k\u013cuvusi slavena galvenok\u0101rt t\u0101p\u0113c, ka tur notiks 2022. gada FIFA Pasaules kausa sp\u0113les. Paties\u012bb\u0101 Katara ir pirm\u0101 musulma\u0146u valsts pasaul\u0113, kas r\u012bkos Pasaules kausu. Tom\u0113r p\u0113d\u0113jo ned\u0113\u013cu laik\u0101 m\u0113s esam nov\u0113roju\u0161i, ka, neraugoties uz katarie\u0161u milz\u012bgajiem centieniem tikt gal\u0101 ar \u0161o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":110227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16378,20726],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-celojumu-celvezi","category-katara"],"yoast_head":"\nKuru? & Ce\u013cojuma ce\u013cvedis pa Dohu \u2013 kult\u016bra, reli\u0123ija, \u0113diens, \u0123\u0113rb\u0161an\u0101s eti\u0137ete, v\u0113sture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Doties ce\u013cojum\u0101 uz Kataru un Dohu? Iegrimstot Kataras kult\u016br\u0101, ir t\u0101, it k\u0101 vienlaikus piedz\u012bvotu senu ar\u0101bu pasaku un futuristisku realit\u0101ti. Jums noteikti j\u0101...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sumfinity.com\/lv\/travel\/qatar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lv_LV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kuru?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Doties ce\u013cojum\u0101 uz Kataru un Dohu? Iegrimstot Kataras kult\u016br\u0101, ir t\u0101, it k\u0101 vienlaikus piedz\u012bvotu senu ar\u0101bu pasaku un futuristisku realit\u0101ti. 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